Plate Tectonics: A whole new way of looking at your planet
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The Book  
Table of Contents
Introduction
In the Beginning
The Tectonic Plates
Mount St. Helen
How Plates Move
Plate Boundaries
A Changing Earth
Pangaea - All Lands
Mid-Ocean Ridges
An Ocean is Born
The Birth of an Island
Mountain Ranges
Subduction Zones
Island Arcs
The Ring of Fire
Faults
Earthquakes
Hot Spots
Mantle Plumes
Origin of Life Theories
Global Climate
Other Worlds
Welcome to Your World

In the Beginning
Comets and meteors colliding with early EarthFour billion six hundred million years ago the Earth is born from a cloud of dust and fire orbiting the sun. In the beginning there are no seas upon the barren Earth. The sun blisters down as poisonous gases swirl about. Racked with volcanoes, bombarded by asteroids and comets, Earth is incredibly hot with a sea of molten rock covering its surface. The early Earth is a world in slow turmoil for many, many thousands of years.

Inner Strata
Earth's Layers - Inner Core, Outer Core, Mantle, and Lithosphere
Over time the Earth cools and separates into several different layers. The matter with the highest density (mostly iron) sinks to form Earth’s solid inner core. This inner core becomes enveloped by a less dense mixture of nickel and iron - the outer core. Surrounding the inner and outer core is the mantle (itself divided into several distinct layers), and over the mantle is the Earth’s crust, a thin veneer of rocky material that covers the planet like the cracked, twisted, lumpy crust of an apple pie.
   
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